OECD Ülkelerinde Sürdürülebilirlik Geçişlerinin K-Means, Hiyerarşik Kümeleme ve Geçiş Matrisiyle Analizi

Yazarlar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22973860

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sürdürülebilirlik geçişleri, OECD ülkeleri, K-Means, Ward yöntemi, Dinamik kümeleme

Özet

Bu çalışmada OECD ülkelerinin sürdürülebilirlik profillerinde 2000’li yılların başından 2020’li yılların başına kadar ortaya çıkan değişimin belirlenmesi ve ülkelerin ekonomik, sosyal, insani ve çevresel göstergeler temelindeki küme geçişlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Analiz, 2022 yılı itibarıyla OECD üyesi olan 38 ülkenin 2000–2002, 2010–2012 ve 2020–2022 dönem ortalamalarına dayanmaktadır. Doğuştan beklenen yaşam süresi, işsizlik oranı, kadınların işgücüne katılma oranı, satın alma gücü paritesine göre kişi başına reel GSYH, kişi başına CO₂ emisyonu, yenilenebilir enerji payı ve birincil enerji yoğunluğu ortak bir dönüşüm ve standardizasyon yapısı içinde değerlendirilmiştir. Boyut indirgeme amacıyla temel bileşenler analizi uygulanmış; ülke-dönem gözlemleri ortak veri uzayında K-Means yöntemiyle kümelenmiş ve Ward hiyerarşik kümeleme yöntemiyle yöntemsel sağlamlık değerlendirilmiştir. Yöntemler arası uyum ARI ve NMI ile, ülkelerin dönemler arasındaki hareketleri ise geçiş matrisiyle incelenmiştir. İlk dört temel bileşen toplam varyansın %88,93’ünü açıklamıştır. Üç kümeli çözüm, seçili göstergeler temelinde düşük, orta ve yüksek göreli sürdürülebilirlik profilleri olarak yorumlanmıştır. Yüksek profildeki ülke sayısı 2000–2002 döneminde 8 iken 2020–2022 döneminde 24’e yükselmiş; 19 ülke daha üst bir kümeye geçmiş, 18 ülkenin net küme düzeyi değişmemiş ve yalnızca bir ülke gerilemiştir. K-Means ile Ward sınıflandırmaları arasında orta düzeyde uyum bulunmuştur (ARI=0,462; NMI=0,505). Bulgular, OECD ülkelerinde genel olarak yukarı yönlü bir göreli profil değişimi bulunduğunu, ancak sürdürülebilirlik dönüşümünün doğrusal, eş zamanlı ve homojen olmadığını göstermektedir.

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İndir

Yayınlanmış

26.09.2026

Nasıl Atıf Yapılır

ÖZDEMİR GÜLER, Z. (2026). OECD Ülkelerinde Sürdürülebilirlik Geçişlerinin K-Means, Hiyerarşik Kümeleme ve Geçiş Matrisiyle Analizi. Turkish Management Review, 5, e2026–004. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22973860

Sayı

Bölüm

Araştırma Makaleleri
Received 2026-07-16
Accepted 2026-09-19
Published 2026-09-26